is joining together two or more stems to form one compound word. Compound words are words consisting of at least two stems which occur in the language as free forms.
C ompound words consist of two or more stems e. g. dining-room, bluebell, mother-in-law, goo d- for-nothing Words of this structural type are produced by the word-building process called composition 05.10.2023 3
Compounds are made up of a determining and a determined part. sunbeam determining part the basic part determined part (head element) serves to differentiate it from other beams undergoes inflection brothers-in-law, passers-by
compounds proper are formed by joining together two stems: film-star, earthquake ; compound-derived words, where besides the stems we have affixes: long-legged, broad-minded, globe-trotter, a two-seater; compound-shortened words: h-bag, A-bomb; Compound words consisting of three or more stems:: wastepaper-basket, singer-songwriter;
According to degree of semantic independence of components (element-to-element relations): subordinate compounds (one of the components is the semantic and structural centre and the second component is subordinate) Types of subordinative relations: comparative (world-wide, snow-white); instrumental or agentive relations (sunrise, dogbite ); relations of purpose (bookshelf); emphatic relations (dead-cheap); functional relations (bathrobe, textbook); various relations of adverbial type ( colour -blind), etc.
coordinative compounds (both components are semantically independent): reduplicative compounds made up by the repetition of the same base: goody-goody, go-go; compounds formed with the help of rhythmic stems: a walkie-talkie, boogie-woogie, chit-chat; additive compounds are built on stems of the independently functioning words of the same part of speech Afro-American, a secretary-stenographer;
According to the parts of speech compound words represent: nouns: night-gown, waterfall, looking-glass; verbs : to honeymoon, to outgrow; adjectives : peace-loving, hard-working, pennywise; adverbs : downstairs, ankle-deep; prepositions : within; numerals : thirty-seven;
neutral-formed by joining together two stems without connecting elements: scarecrow, goldfish, crybaby; morphological - components are joined by a linking element, i.e. vowels “o” and “I” or the consonant “s”: videophone, tragicomic, handicraft, craftsman, microchip; syntactical - the components are joined by means of form-word stems: man-of-war, forget-me-not, bread-and-butter, face-to-face;
