organization content use of source material language Key aspects of project proposal in UK
Title page Introduction Main body Conclusion References . Project proposal organization
Name of university, department Title of project proposal Name of author Name of research adviser City/ town Year Title page
Brief abstract Background of study Justification Definitions / explanations of the terms and key concepts Problem statement Professional significance (aims, objectives) Introduction
Literature review: theoretical literature, empirical research Methodology Brief report on the results anticipated Main Body
Brief summary Acknowledgments (if necessary) Conclusion
Textbooks: Luhman, N.(1979) Trust and power. New York: John Wiley and Sons. A paper in a periodical: Vasilyeva,I. (1998) Who am I/who are we in Academic writing. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol.8, pp.163-190. Electronic journal: author, date, title of article, journal title, volume, location, URL Internet site: author/editor, date, title, location of server, publisher/ maintainer of site, URL. References: Harward system
Opening sentence : o ur present day life is unthinkable without … Justification : i t is important to reveal the problems related to … Structural outline: t he project will first demonstrate …, then… will be considered by … Thesis statement: … is one of the solution to the problem Writer’s purpose: to show possible ways for solving the problem
Audience Purpose Organization Style Flow Presentation Positioning Checklist
The audience’s interests Knowledge (background) Attitudes
to display : familiarity, expertise, intelligence to inform: to clarify, to make speech memorable to persuade: to establish the truth of claim, to present evidence, to cite sources
Introduction Development of main idea Conclusion
Level 5 Very formal Level 4 Formal Level 3 Neutral Level 2 Informal Level 5 Rude and vulgar Levels of formality
Clearly stated topic sentence Use of transition words and phrases Repetition of keywords or phrases Using linking words, synonyms, demonstratives Ways of creating coherence in written or oral text – FLOW
Consider the overall format of your work Proof read for careless grammar mistakes Check for misspelled words Presentation
Audience*Purpose*Organization* Style*Flow*Presentation ______________________________ POSITIONING Positioning
Thoroughly choose the style Express enthusiasm and commitment Be cautious about generalizations Use references Evaluate the work of authorities in the field Checklist: characteristics of academic presentation
Four main parts of presentation: Say what you are going to say, say it, then say what you have said. I. Introducing yourself: II. Preparing the audience. III. Delivering the message. IV. Winding-up. KISS principles of presentation: Keep It Short and Simple.
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. We haven’t all met before, so, I’d better introduce myself, I’m … from …. I hope you’ll excuse my English. I’m a little out of practice. Introducing yourself
I’m going to be talking about …. I’ll start with … and then move on to …, finally, I’m going to …. I think, if you don’t mind we’ll leave questions to the end. II. Preparing the audience
. Firstly, …. Secondly…. This brings me to my next point …. I must emphasize …. At this point we must consider …. Now, to digress for a moment …. To go back to my earlier point…. Finally…. III. Delivering the message
. Before closing I’d like to summarize the main points again… That’s all I have to say for the moment…. Thank you for listening. Now if there are any questions, I’ll be happy to answer them. IV. Winding-up
