CMymoe Bpervm b Poccmm KOHTypbi anoxia m ee Bbl30Bbl CMyTa: Kpn3nc B/iacTM m Hapofla
CMymoe BpeMfl - sto yHMKa/ibHbiM nepi/iOA r/iy6oKoro Kpn3nca KOTopbiM Haynn/i Poccmio BancHOCTM rpa>KflaHCKoro caMOC03HaHi/m. M3yHeHkie stom TeMbi aKTya/ibHO, TaK KaK no3BO/iqeT noi-mTb npi/ini/iHbi pa3pyiueHi/m rocyAapcTBa m MexaHM3Mbi ero B03pO>KfleHMq, HTO Ba>KHO flJlfl cJ^opMupoBam/m naTpnoTM3Ma m noHMMaHnq MCTOpMM
ripM 3 HaKM CMyTbi: flMHaCTMHeCKMM BaKyyM, ro/iofl, MHTepBeHUMM CMyTa npoflBkmacb kpm3mcom BJiacTki, pa3opeHneM,SyHTaMM m bomhom. CMyTHoe BpeM^ CTa/io fl/ia Hapofla nepnoflOM yipaTbi onopbi i/i npaBOBOM 3au4MTbi: Heypowai/i m ro/iofl to/ho/im k 6ercTBy, caM03Bai-mbi i/i m-rrepBeHTbi pyinmiM nopaflOK, a noBi/im-iocTi/i poc/in 06mi/ma MCKa/ia Bbi>Ki/iBaHi/ie nepe3 6er/iocTb i/i ono/ineHHfl, powflaa HOBbie (J)OpMbl CO/lMflapHOCTM, JlOKa/lbHbie jiMflepbi i/i uepKOBb noflMei-mjiM rocyflapcTBO, yKpen/iflfl Mfleio efli/iHCTBa. STanbi m 3/ieMeHTbi: caM03BaHHecTB0, MHTepBeHUMM, ono/iHeHkm, co6opbi. K^KDHeBbie 3Tanbl BKJlK)HaJll/l Kpi/I3MC npeeMCTBa noc/ie CMepTi/i Oe^opa 1/loaHHOBMHa, BOCxo>KfleHMe na^em/ie J1>KeflMMTpMeB, LUyMCKoro m no/ibCKyio MHTepBeHUMK), TyLUMHCKMM Jiarepb I/I CMO/ieHCKyio BOMHy, HapoflHbie ono/inem/isi MnHi/ma i/i no>KapcKoro, 3eMCKMM co6op 1613 ro,qa m Bouapem/ie Mi/ixamia PoMaHOBa, hto BoecTaHOBmio fli/macTi/iio i/i ynpaB/iem/ie.
SKOHOMMHeCKkie M COUMa/lbHbie CMMIITOMbl HeCTa 6 mibHOCTM CMyTa: npn3HaKM pacnafla BJiacTM m xo3HMCTBa ro/iofl, Me>Kfloyco6m4bi, MHTepBeHL4HM KpM3MC JierMTI/IMHOCTM HapoflHbie ono/iHeHMfl STanbl M CMJlbi: JlHKeflMMTpMM, CeMn6oqpu4MHa CMyTa oro/imia Kpn3nc flMHacTMM, Bepbl M COSCTBeHHOCTM; BblCBeTMJia po/ib o6mMHbi, ono/ineHHM m uapcKO BJiacTM; 3afla/ia toh HapoflHbiM HacTpoeHM^M m rocyAapcTBeHHOCTM.
CMyTa KaK kicnbiTaHkie fl/in Hapofla: 6 wt CMyTHoe BpeMq npoflBM/iocb flMHaCTMHeCKMM KPM3MCOM, ro/ioflOM, pacnaflOM ynpaB/ieHM^ m HaLUeCTBMflMM. Oc/ia6jieHne uempa Bbi3Ba^o CaMOHMHHbie B/iaCTM l /POCT KpeCTb^HCKMX 6yHTOB. fljia Hapofla CMyTa CTa/ia nepeflOM JIHLUeHHM: pa 3 opeHne ce/i, peKBM3m4MM, npOM3BOJl BOeBOfl l/l MHTepBeHTOB. Bbl>KMBaJ 1 M OSLUMHaMM, onnpaflCb Ha Bepy, apTe/iM i/i B3aMMOnOMOU4b cocefleM.
CTpaxki, Haflemflbi K^KDneBbie aTanbi: npeceneHMe PKDpMKOBMHeM, J1>KeflMMTpMM, CeMn6oqpiunHa, MHTepBeHUM^, ono/inem/ia Ml/IHHHa l no>KapcKoro, 3eMCK mm co6op 1613 i/i M36paHne Mi/ixamia PoMaHOBa. OCHOBHbie npo6/ieMbi: /leri/lTMMHOCTb B/iaCTM, coi4i/ia/ibHafl p03Hb, paCCTpOMCTBO Cf)MHaHCOB, onycTOiueHMe 3eMe/ib, pe^nrno3Hbie cnopbi, pa30OM. 3HaHeHkie - KOHCO/iMflaui/m m nOMCK O0LUeHapOflHOM onopbi.
KmoneBbie aTanbi: ot npeceneHMfl PiopMKOBMHeM flo BoijapeHMfl POMaHOBbIX KpM3MC B/iaCTM Hapofl m cMyTa STanbi m MTorM CMyTa npoflBi/macb flMHaCTMHeCKMM BaKyyMOM, rO/lOAOM, MHTepBeHAMflMM caM03BaHL4aMM; pacnaflOM ynpaBJiem/m m 6yHTaMi/i, hto noflopBano nerMTMMHOCTb 1/1 yCTOMHMBOCTb flepMOBbl. nepMOA CTa/i McnbuaHi/ieM A-na HapoAa: pa3opeHMe, Mo6nnn3ai4nq ono/iHeHMM, pocT caMoynpaB/ieHi/m o6lamh. Co/iMAapHOCTb i/i Bepa noMor/iM c(f>opMMpoBaTb 3anpoc Ha HOByKD AHHaCTMHD. K/iJoneBbie Bexi/i: Eopi/ic roAyHOB, J1>KeAMMTpMM I —II, Bacmil/IM IllyMCKMM, CeMM6oqpLAMHa, no/ibCKaa OKKynaAMq, ono/iHeHi/m MkiHHHa i/i no>KapcKoro, 3eMCKi/iM co6op, Mi/ixai/m PoMaHOB.
JlHceflMMTpkiM m 6onpcKoe npaB/ieHMe: y3ypnai-iMM m 3aroBopbi Pa3pyxa, ro/iofl m AMHacTMHecKMM BaKyyM B/iaCTM CMyTa crra/ia McnbiTaHMeM Hapofla: pacnafl nopaflKa, MHTepBeHUMM caM03BaHL4bi noflopBa/iM onopy TpoHa OT BOCCTaHMM K KOHCO/ikiAaukiki 3eMCKoro ono/ineHkm STanbi: caM03BaHHecKMe UapCTBOBaHMS^, MHTepBeHLiMM, oca^a MocKBbi, ono/ineHM^ 1/1 BOCCTaHOBJieHMe cyBepeHmeTa K/iioneBbie cf)Mrypbi m co6biTM5i onpefle/imiM BeKTop Jl>KeflMMTpMM, IllyMCKMM, CnrH3MyHfl, Mmhmh m riO>KapCKMM; BOCbMHfleC^THHKM, CeMM6oqpLUMHa, 0 CB 060 >KfleHMe MOCKBbl
OcHOBHbie 3/ieMeHTbi KpM3Mca: B/iacTb, uepKOBb, Ka3anecTBO, ropofla CMyTHoe BpeMq npoHBi/i/iocb pacnaflOM BepTMKa/lM B/iaCTM, 6 opb 60 M So^pCKMX KJiaHOB M CaM03BaHI4eB, BMeiiiaTe/lbCTBOM MHOCTpaHHbIX flepwaB, SKOHOMMHecKMM ynaAKOM M ro^oflOM. PemoHa/ibHbie 3/lMTbl, K33aKM M TOpOflCKMe o6iAMHbi no-pa3HOMy pean/ipoBa/ii/i,ycmii/iBafl nO/lMTMHeCKyKD pa3flpo6jieHHOCTb. fl/ia HapoAa CMyTa CTajia nepMOAOM yTpaT m Mo6i/mi/i3ai4i/ii/i:KpecTb^He m nocaACKMe T^Hy/iki Tar/io, CTpaAa/ii/i ot pa3opem/ifl, ho ynacTBOBa^M b ono/iHeHMflx. K/uoneBbie 3Tanbi: BOAapeHMe J1>KeAMMTpMeB, npaB/ieHkie Baci/mi/m IllyMCKoro, MHTepBeHAMM, CeMM6o^pLAMHa, HapoAHbie ono/ineHM^ m BOAapeHMe POMaHOBbIX. r/iaBHbie 3/ieMeHTbi CKD>KeTa: CaM03BaHCTBO, MHOCTpaHHa^ OKKynaAMH, pojib Ka3anecTBa m ropoAOB, AepKOBHoe nocpeAHMHecTBO, OnO/lHeHM^ MHHHHa 1/1 l~lo>KapcKoro. npo6/ieMbi: JierMTMMHOCTb BJiaCTM, com/ia/ibHoe pacc/ioeHi/ie, pe/ii/irno3Hbie cnopbi, BHeniHee AaB/ieHi/ie. 1/lTor KOHCOJ1MAaAM?l 1/1 nOMCK eAMHCTBa.
fJrjpi >. I ■
Co 6 biTkm ki npaBMTe/in: roflyHOB, LilyMCKMM, flomapcKkiM, Mmhmh CMyTHOe BpeMSI npOflBMJlOCb Kpi/13MCOM B/iacTM, ro/iOAOM m MHTepBeHAMflMM; Hapofl nepewmi pa3o6LAeHne m Mo6i/i/iM3ai4MK). STanbi, 3/ieMeHTbi, C 06 blTI/m M npaBMTe/lM paCKpbIBaKDT npo6/ieMbi m B/iM^Hkie Ha HacTpoeHMe.
klHTepBeHLjMM Penn flocno/iMTOM ki LilBeuMki: ue/iM m noc/ieflCTBua CMyTa npoflBM/iacb flMHacTMHecKMM KPM3MCOM, rO/lOflOM M SyHTaMM. STanbi: Kpn3nc B/iacTM, MHTepBeHi4MM, ono/ineHUfl, M3maHkie Bpara. fl/iq Hapofla 3 to 6bm nepi/iofl pa3opem/m, MkirpauMM m caMOopraHM3ai4MM OnO/lHeHMM npOTMB MHTepBeHTOB M caM03BaHL4eB. K/iioneBbie 3/ieMeHTbi: J1>KeflMMTpnM, CeMklSo^pLUMHa, MmHHH M riO>KapCKMM, 3eMCKMM co6op m Hanaro AnnacTHM POMaHOBbIX.
npo 6 /ieMbi CMyTbi: /lerMTMMHOCTb, cenapaTM 3 M, 3 kohommhgckmm ynaflOK npM3HaKM CMyTbi: AMHaCTMHeCKMM KPM3MC, MHTepBeHL|MM, 6yHTbl Hapofl nepewMBa/i ro/iOA, pa3opeHne m T^roTbi Mo6miM3aAMM STanbi: Kpn3nc BJiacTM, caM03BaHi4bi, MHTepBeHL(MM, ono/inem/m flpaBMTe/lM M C 06 blTI/m: J1>KeAMMTpMM, BaCM/lMM IllyMCKMM, 3eMCKMM co6op l1po6/ieMbi: /lerMTMMHOCTb B/iacTM, cenapaTM3M, ynaflOK skohommkm 3HaneHMe: kohco/imasahjr o 6 LAecTBa m yTBep>KA 6 Hne hobom Ai/macim/i
3 HaneHMe CMyTbi: KOHCO/ikiAa 141/151, co 6 opHOCTb, Hosan fli/macTi/m CMyTa BbmBM/ia KpM3MC B/iacTM ki coc/iobmm, nopoflkiB coukia/ibHbiM pa3/iafl. fljia Hapofla 3TO 6bm nepnofl yTpaT, ho m co/iMflapHOCTi/i: 3eMCKne ono/iHeHMfl, caMOopraHM3ai4M^ ropoflOB, 3amnTa npaBOC/iaBi/m, onbiT ynacTMa b c6ope Ha/ioroB m Bbi6ope B/iaCTM. 3/lklTbl yTpaTM/lM KOHTpO/lb, Hapofl ki c/iy>Kki/ibie B3$i/iki kiHkiukiaTkiBy b pyKki. K^KDneBbie 3Tanbi: KPM3MC flMHaCTMM PKDpMKOBMHeM, J1>KeflMMTpMM, MHTepBeHUMM Penn riOCnO^MTOM M LLlBeuMM, ono/ineHHfl MklHHHa M no>KapcKoro, 3eMCKMM co6op i/i M36paHkie Mi/ixamia PoMaHOBa. Co6biTkm ki npaBkiTe/iki 3 afla/in paMKki HOBoro no/ikiTkinecKoro Kypca. npo6/ieMbi: neri/iTi/iMHOCTb npecTO/ia, 3aBMCMMOCTb ot 6oap, M^Te>KM, ro/iofl m pa3pyxa, MH03eMHoe B/iM^Hkie. 1/lToroM CTa/ia KOHCO^Mflaukia o6LuecTBa, yKpermeHMe co 6 ophoctm 1/1 C|)OpMMpOBaHMe HOBOM flMHaCTMM.
klTom 3noxM m ypoKM fl/ifl rocyflapcTBeHHOM yctomhhboctm CMyTHOe BpeM^ BblflBMJlO npM3HaKM OC/ia6/ieHM^ BJiaCTM, flMHaCTMHeCKMM Kpi/I3MC MHTepBeHUMM. Hapofl nepewmi TaroTbi, ho co6opHOCTb m ono/ineHHfl Bbipa6oTa/in onbiT caMOopraHM3ai4MM. 1/lTorn - yKpermeHMe flMHacTMM m ypoKM ycTOMHi/iBOCTM.
Cnacn6o 3a BHMMaHkie
