Our objectives for today are: to develop our grammar skills to revise new vocabulary and use it in our speech Grammar in Use
Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous Present V / Vs do / does am, is, are + Ving have / has + V 3 have / has been + Ving Past Ved / V 2 did was, were + Ving had + V 3 had been + Ving Future will + V will be + Ving will have + V 3 will have been + Ving
Past Simple a complete action in the past. Past continuous an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past; we do not mention when the action started or finished. At five o’clock yesterday morning the plane was flying to Moscow from Rome. (We do not know when it left or reached its destination.) The plane landed at the airport at nine o’clock yesterday morning. (The time is stated. The action is complete. The plane landed.) 1
Past Simple actions which happened one after the other in the past. Past continuous two or more actions that were in progress at the same time. I was jogging while my brother was walking our dog. I saw a beautiful bird in the garden. I went to get my camera. The bird flew away. I returned with my camera. 2
Past Simple to talk about the lives of people who are no longer alive. Past continuous to describe the atmosphere, weather or place before we describe the main event. The music was playing. Tom was lying on the sofa and doing nothing. Albert Einstein made a lot of scientific discoveries. 3
Past Simple to talk about an action that happened while another action was in progress. Past continuous Past Simple Past Continuous We were still arguing when a bright flash of lightning appeared in the sky. While I was talking on the phone, someone grabbed me and pulled me away from the tree. longer action shorter action when + Past Simple while + Past Continuous
Time markers while when as all day/morning yesterday at noon yesterday the whole night yesterday from 5 to 6 yesterday Past Continuous Past Simple yesterday last night/week/month/year two days/weeks/months ago then When … ? How long ago...? in 1992/1845
Complete my story with the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. Harry was at my house one day. We (play) a computer game when my mum (open) the door. When we (come) to the kitchen, Kate (put) the plates on the table. Harry ( sit) down at the table. My mum (fill) a big bowl with spaghetti and tomato sauce and (give) it to me. While I (carry) the bowl to the table, I (trip) and the bowl flew into the air. Unfortunately, spaghetti landed on Harry! Harry (go) back to his house next door and (change) clothes, but it wasn’t his lucky day! While he (walk) back to my house, it (start) to rain. He didn’t have an umbrella, so he quickly ran to the house. While he (run), he (slip) and fell into a pool of muddy water!
Check. Harry was at my house one day. We were playing a computer game when my mum opened the door. When we came to the kitchen, Kate was putting the plates on the table. Harry sat down at the table. My mum filled a big bowl with spaghetti and tomato sauce and gave it to me. While I was carrying the bowl to the table, I tripped and the bowl flew into the air. Unfortunately, spaghetti landed on Harry! Harry went back to his house next door and changed clothes, but it wasn’t his lucky day! While he was walking back to my house, it started to rain. He didn’t have an umbrella, so he quickly ran to the house. While he was running, he slipped and fell into a pool of muddy water!
Past perfect one past action which happened before another past action or a stated time in the past. Past perfect continuous shows the duration of an action which started and finished in the past before another past action or a stated time in the past. We had been living in the same house for twelve years before we decided to move. She got up late because I had forgotten to set the alarm clock. Ben hadn’t slept well the night before, so he was very tired. 1 Past Perfect Past Simple present past older action younger action
Past perfect an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible in the past. Past perfect continuous an action which lasted for some time in the past and whose result was visible in the past. Her feet ached because she had been shopping all day. All the plants on my balcony were dead. I had watered them too much. 2
Past perfect the past equivalent of the Present Perfect. Past perfect continuous the past equivalent of the Present Perfect Continuous. Past Perfect Continuous a) Simon was frightened. He had been watching a horror film for half an hour. (The action “had been watching” lasted for some time in the past and the result “was frightened” was visible in the past.) Present Perfect Continuous b) Simon is frightened. He has been watching a horror film for half an hour. (The action “has been watching” started in the past and the result “was frightened” is still visible in the present.) Past Perfect a) There was no cake left; he had eaten it all. (The action “had eaten” happened in the past and the result “there was no cake left” was visible in the past, too.) Present Perfect b) There is no cake left; he has eaten it all. (The action “has eaten” happened in the past and the result “there is no cake left” is still visible in the present.) 3
Time markers for since how long before after ever/never by the time I had been trying to find him for years but I failed. They had known each other for a long time. It’s 11 a.m. Paul had been talking on the phone since 9 a.m. How long had you been waiting there? Pam had been doing the same job for ten years before she decided to do something different. Matt phoned after I had finished my homework. They had never seen such a beautiful sunset in their lives. By 12 o’clock they had drunk four cups of tea each.
Complete with the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Continuous. Last was both the happiest and the worst day in my parents’ life. It was the happiest because my dad (win) the lottery, and the worst because we couldn’t find the lottery ticket! After my parents (look) everywhere for it, they began to panic. Then my dad remembered something: on the day he (buy) the lottery ticket, he (wear) his old black jacket. The ticket was in the pocket! When dad told this my mum, her face went white. The previous day, she (give) the jacket to a charity for homeless people! My dad didn’t waste any time. After he (explain) the situation to all our friends and relatives, they agreed to help. They (search) everywhere for a week. Nobody (see) the jacket. By then, my dad (lose) 5 kilos. He walked the streets with red eyes, talking to himself. He looked terrible. That Sunday, seven days after he (win) the lottery, he was out in the street again. He was cold and tired so he sat on the grass to rest for a while…
Check. Last was both the happiest and the worst day in my parents’ life. It was the happiest because my dad had won the lottery, and the worst because we couldn’t find the lottery ticket! After my parents had looked everywhere for it, they began to panic. Then my dad remembered something: on the day he had bought the lottery ticket, he had been wearing his old black jacket. The ticket was in the pocket! When dad told this my mum, her face went white. The previous day, she had given the jacket to a charity for homeless people! My dad didn’t waste any time. After he had explained the situation to all our friends and relatives, they agreed to help. They had been searching everywhere for a week. Nobody had seen the jacket. By then, my dad had lost 5 kilos. He walked the streets with red eyes, talking to himself. He looked terrible. That Sunday, seven days after he had won the lottery, he was out in the street again. He was cold and tired so he sat on the grass to rest for a while.
A homeless old man came and sat next to him. “Hey mate,” he said. “It’s cold. Put that on. It will keep you warm.” In his hands, he had an old black jacket. My dad could just see the corner of a lottery ticket in the inside pocket.
was was thinking called Did I tell happened were shopping were looking came was showing opened had was didn’t expect
