Tamara Dossymova
Small business - legal entities whose average list number of employees (without additional employees) in the reporting year does not exceed 50 people, carrying out their activities on a commercial basis, registered with the judiciary and included in the statistical registration. "Small business" enterprises - enterprises (legal entities) that meet the following criteria: average annual number of employees (including additional employees) up to 50 people; the average annual total value of assets does not exceed 60,000 times the calculation index; Legal entities engaged in entrepreneurial activities in the following organizational and legal forms: full partnership; trust partnership; Limited Liability Partnership; additional liability partnership; production cooperative. The main indicators that characterize the development of small business are calculated for existing businesses. Existing enterprises include: active, carrying out any activity in the current year; new, ie recently registered, but not yet operational; temporarily suspended enterprises
The process of privatization, which was actively carried out in the country in the 90s of the 20th century, paved the way for the formation and development of small business. The development of small business in the country is one of the indicators of successful economic reform. The class of entrepreneurs is an integral symbol of market development, an independent subject of economic relations. The small business sector performs a number of social functions, including employment, de-escalation of social tensions and democratization of market relations. Small business is also called small business. Small business in the country plays an important role as a structural factor for the development of an effective market economy. It paved the way for the development of a competitive environment, saturated the market with goods and services, modernized handicrafts, strengthened the economic base of local authorities, contributed to the development of villages, small and medium-sized cities. The advantages of small business are fast repayment of capital expenditures, orientation of producers to the regional market, rapid adaptation to changes in demand, growth of employment. In this regard, one of the main directions of socio-economic policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the development of small business.
The legislation on state support of small business is based on the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and consists of the Civil Code, this Law and other regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. If international treaties ratified by the Republic of Kazakhstan establish rules other than those provided for in this Law, the rules of the international treaty shall apply.
The specifics of production require new technologies. The way out is to revive domestic production. Thus, specialization in the production of new machinery, tools and equipment. To do this, it is necessary to develop a program of technical support for small businesses and attract capital from foreign investors. The second aspect of the problem is the financial support of small business. This includes the issue of initial funding. Due to this problem, small businesses are currently forced to engage only in brokerage and speculation. The problem of finding and not being able to access these financial resources is turning small businesses into the shadow economy. Accordingly, all the income goes to the income of hidden capital outside the state. The first set of issues is the need to create the infrastructure of small business, provide it with information, search for partners, and create other systems. Thus, there are many problems facing small and medium-sized businesses, and they require in-depth scientific research.
But, of course, the small and medium business sector is the sector that stimulates the domestic market in the economy. We are confident that it will fully penetrate into our lives, develop production and make us one of the first in the world economic front. The problems facing small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan can be grouped as follows: The need for a state strategy to optimally support small business. Establishing a real "local small business monitoring". Stop bureaucracy of inspection bodies. Access to credit resources. Linking tax policy to the interests of small business. Overcoming the psychological social barrier
Today, the development of small business is an important area of state economic policy. The study of foreign experience shows that an indispensable condition for the success of small business development is the opinion that small businesses and small businesses need comprehensive and sustainable government support. Until 2010, it is planned to develop business incubators and technopark structures in Kazakhstan. Despite all the difficulties, Kazakhstan has a bureau that supports researchers who implement innovative ideas, as well as a place for the development of innovations and innovations and technologies. The draft concept of science and science and technology policy, the law "On Science" and the draft state program of innovative development were also discussed.
Not all complex internal and external problems of small business can be solved on their own. Currently, a number of cases in Germany indicate the need for a system of state support for small and medium-sized businesses. Among them: 1) removal of all barriers to the movement of goods, services, labor and capital, which have exacerbated the competitive situation within the European Union since the beginning of 1993; 2) tightening of legal norms connected with technology and nature protection measures, further reduction of capital expenditures and increase of efficiency of its use. In general, the essence of small business development in Kazakhstan is: to provide employment; creates a competitive environment; strengthens the economic base of local authorities; has a positive impact on the development of villages, small and medium towns. At the same time, as small business is recognized as a promising area of the country, its development and comprehensive support measures are important for the formation of an effective market economy.
